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In 10, you learned how to generate custom classes for object types using the JPublisher utility. In this section, we ll examine how to use the same technique to materialize the array member objects as custom class objects. The custom classes offer you the following advantages over the weakly typed alternative (Struct class) discussed in the previous section: They are strongly typed, meaning that many errors are checked at compilation time instead of at runtime (e.g., if you try to pass an array of persons as an array of addresses). This is possible because each collection is converted into its own custom Java class.

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Consider the following aggregate operators described in 3: let select = Seqmap let where = Seqfilter Here we have renamed the operations in the F# Seq module to correspond to more standard database query terminology: the select operator is defined as a transform operation, since in a selection we are taking sequence elements and mapping (often narrowing) them to new values Similarly, the where operator is defined as a filter applied on a sequence that takes an 'a -> bool predicate to filter out the desired elements You can use these aggregate operators in a straightforward manner to query and transform in-memory data The only other piece you need is the glue that will make the query and transform operators work together: the standard pipe operator (|>).

T-SQL is an unmanaged language that lacks the eloquence and clarity of C# code. Stored procedure support for exception handling is also limited (these limitations can be overcome with SQL Server 2005, which enables you to write stored procedures using C#, see the last section of 11). You also lose the ability to dynamically compose a transaction, as whatever work is being done in the stored procedure becomes the work done in the transaction. Any attempt to overcome this will invariably result in more business logic in your database layer. You can do transactions on a single connection with ADO.NET transactions. This overcomes some of the problems using T-SQL transactions, as it moves the transaction management logic into your C# code, where structured error handling and the other niceties of managed code execution can be leveraged. It s also easier to dynamically compose transactions by calling an arbitrary set of stored procedures determined by business logic (although this still requires some design consideration and coding and is not as easy as the attribute-based system available in COM+). Here s a simple procedure doing some database work in a transaction. (See XActionIE.aspx in the Web12 project.) public static void SingleDBUpdate(Hashtable ht) { using (SqlConnection cnn = new SqlConnection(WebStatic.ConnectionString)) { string sql; cnn.Open(); SqlTransaction tx = cnn.BeginTransaction(); try

Custom collection classes (produced by JPublisher) allow you to get and set individual elements using the getElement() and setElement() methods. Recall that the ARRAY class does not provide you with any setter methods for setting an array element. A custom class must satisfy the following requirements: It must implement the oracle.sql.ORAData and oracle.sql.ORADataFactory interfaces, which we covered in 10. It must provide a means of storing the collection data (e.g., in a member ARRAY object). We will use JPublisher to generate these classes for the object type emp_type and our varray, emp_type_varray. Please refer to 10 for details on how to use the JPublisher utility. We use the following properties file (called prop.txt) for our JPublisher run: jpub.user=benchmark/benchmark jpub.methods=all jpub.builtintypes=jdbc jpub.numbertypes=objectjdbc jpub.usertypes=oracle jpub.package=book.ch11.jpub jpub.input=input.txt

Recall that this operator simply flips the order of its arguments; being an infix operator, it feeds the left-side argument into the function on the right This is useful, because the argument to the function is seen before the function itself, propagating important typing information into the function For instance, given a string * int * string array, representing the name, age, and department of various employees, you can select those names that start with letter R as follows: let people = [| ("Joe", 27, "Sales"); ("Rick", 35, "Marketing"); ("Mark", 40, "Sales"); ("Rob", 31, "Administration"); ("Bob", 34, "Marketing") |] let namesR = people |> select (fun (name, age, dept) -> name) |> where (fun name -> nameStartsWith "R") Note that the types of name, age, and dept have been inferred from people, and no type annotation is necessary.