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When your system starts, each of your file systems is mounted to allow you to access the data stored on your system. Your file systems can be mounted using different options: ranging from the ability to write to a file system to specifying what sort of files can be run on that file system. These options allow you to lock down the capabilities and functionality of each of your file systems. These options are controlled by the /etc/fstab file. This section is not going to be a definitive breakdown of every setting in the fstab file (the man page will give details of the settings I don t cover), but it will cover several settings you can use to ensure your file systems are mounted more securely. In Listing 4-20 you can see a sample of the /etc/fstab file. The /etc/fstab file is generally similar across most distributions. Listing 4-20. /etc/fstab File LABEL=/ LABEL=/boot none none none none /dev/hda3 /dev/cdrom / /boot /dev/pts /dev/shm /proc /sys swap /mnt/cdrom ext3 defaults 1 1 ext3 defaults 1 2 devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0 tmpfs defaults 0 0 proc defaults 0 0 sysfs defaults 0 0 swap defaults 0 0 udf,iso9660 noauto,owner,kudzu,ro 0 0

Each line in the /etc/fstab file is an entry defining a file system that can be mounted. Each line consists of columns that define various facets of the file system. Let s quickly look at each column and what it does. The first column is the name or label of the file system to be mounted. This is generally a device name, such as /dev/cdrom, or a volume label, such as / for the root volume or /boot for the boot volume. The second column is the mount point for the file system. This is the directory or location on your system where you want to mount the file system. The third column is the type of file system that you are mounting (for example, ext3 or swap).

Pro ASP.NET MVC Framework, by Steven Sanderson (Apress). A great in depth look at ASP.NET MVC utilizing Castle suite and delves deep. Also take a look at the author s site at http://blog.codeville.net/. Professional ASP.NET MVC by Scott Hanselman (Wrox). This is a very readable introduction to ASP.NET MVC that I very much enjoyed. Advanced users might find this book doesn t delve deep enough, however, and be better served by Steven Sanderson s book. http://haacked.com/. Phil Haack is a program manager at Microsoft, currently working on ASP.NET MVC framework. He often posts ASP.NET MVC related articles. http://folk.uio.no/trygver/1979/mvc-1/1979-05-MVC.pdf. Original document that lead to MVC.

kitten# iptables -N ICMP_IN kitten# iptables -N ICMP_OUT Now let s create some rules in the INPUT and OUTPUT chains to refer the ICMP traffic to the newly created ICMP_IN and ICMP_OUT chains You send traffic to the user-created chains by referring to them as a rule target using the -j flag Listing 2-35 shows the two rules directing ICMP traffic to the user-created chains Listing 2-35 Directing ICMP Traffic to the User-Created Chains kitten# iptables -A INPUT -p icmp -j ICMP_IN kitten# iptables -A OUTPUT -p icmp -j ICMP_OUT Now when ICMP traffic is received by the INPUT chain, it is directed to be filtered by the user-created chain ICMP_IN; and when it is received by the OUTPUT chain, it is handled by the ICMP_OUT chain.

The iptables rules can target individual ICMP messages types by selecting only ICMP traffic with the -p icmp flag in combination with the --icmp-type flag to select the particular ICMP message type The next line shows this selection in the rule: kitten# iptables -A ICMP_IN -p icmp --icmp-type echo-request -j DROP I have added this rule to the ICMP_IN chain, which I have specified will handle incoming ICMP traffic I have selected only ICMP traffic using the -p flag Then I selected the type of ICMP traffic using the --icmp-type flag Within the ICMP traffic I have selected the message type of echo-request, which indicates an incoming ping request, and I have opted to drop this traffic You could have also indicated the echo-request traffic with the type number of the ICMP message type.